Gary R. Pickrell
Recent Publications
Journal Papers
“ Sub-Nanoliter Spectroscopic Gas Sensor ”, Bassam Alfeeli, Gary Pickrell and Anbo Wang, Sensors 6 [10] pp1308-1320, 2006
“Miniature temperature-insensitive Fabry-Perot fiber-optic pressure sensor”, Xu, Juncheng; Wang, Xingwei; Cooper, Kristie L.; Pickrell, Gary R.; Wang, Anbo, Photonics Technology Letters 18(10), 1134-1136, 2006
“ Single-crystal Sapphire Based Optical Polarimetric Sensor for High Temperature Measurement ”, Yibing Zhang, Gary R. Pickrell, Bing Qi, Ahmad Safaai-Jazi and Anbo Wang , Sensors 6 [8] pp. 823-834, 2006
“Optimization of Layer by Layer Electrostatic Self-assembly Processing Parameter for Optical Biosensing”, H. Shibru*, K.L. Cooper, G.R. Pickrell, and A. Wang, Optical Engineering, Vol. 45 No. 2, 2006
“Analysis of Fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors using low-coherence light sources”, B. Yu*, A. Wang and G. Pickrell, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 24, No. 4 pg1758 – 1767, 2006
“Silicon Indu ced In-Situ Hole Formation in Optical Fibers”, Gary R. Pickrell, Navin J. Manjooran*, Nitin Goel*, Dan Kominsky*, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 352 pg 500-504, 2006
“High Temperature Fiber-Tip Pressure Sensor”, Y. Zhu*, K. L. Cooper, G. R. Pickrell, and A. Wang, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 24 (2), pp 861-869, 2006
“Core Suction Technique for Fabrication of Optical Fiber Preforms”, Nitin Goel*, Roger Stolen, Steve Morgan, Jong-Kook Kim*, Dan Kominsky*, and Gary Pickrell, Optics Letters, Vol. 31, pp 438-440, 2006
“Biologically Self-Assembled Porous Polymers”, Navin J. Manjooran* and Gary R. Pickrell, J. Materials Processing Technology, 168 pp 225-229 2005
“Tunable Optical Filter Based White Light Interferometry for Sensing”, B. Yu*, A. Wang, G. Pickrell and J. Xu*, Optics Letters Vol. 30 (12), pp 1452-54 2005
“Fiber optic pressure sensor with self-compensation capability for harsh environment”, H Xiao*, J. Deng*, Z. Wang*, W. Huo*, P. Zhang*, M. Luo*, G. Pickrell, R. May, A. Wang, Optical Engineering (Journal) 44(05), pp1-10, May, 2005
“High temperature fiber optic cubic zirconia pressure sensor”, W. Peng , G. Pickrell, A. Wang, Optical Engineering Vol. 44 (12), 2005
“Fiber temperature sensor for high pressure environment”, Z. Huang*, W. Peng , J. Xu * , G. Pickrell, A. Wang, Optical Engineering Vol.44 (10), 2005
J. Xu, G. Pickrell, X. Wang, W. Peng, K. Cooper, and A. Wang, "A Novel Temperatrure-Insensitive Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor
for Harsh Environments," Photonics Technology Letters, 17 [4] 870-72 (April 2005).
Y. Zhang, G. Pickrell, B. Qi, and A. Wang, Single-Crystal
Sapphire-Based Optical High Temperature Sensor For Harsh
Environments, Optical Engineering, 43 [1] 157-64, July
2004.
W. Peng, G.R. Pickrell, J. Xu, Z. Huang, D.W. Kim, B. Qi, A. Wang,
Self-compensating fiber optic flow sensor system and
its field application, Applied Optics, 43 [8] 1752-1760
(2004).
G. Pickrell, D. Kominsky, R. Stolen, F. Ellis, J. Kim, A. Saffaai-Jazi,
and A. Wang, Microstructural Analysis of Random Hole Optical
Fibers," Photonics Technology Letters, 16 [2] 491-93
(2004).
Z. Huang, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang, Penetration Rate of Water
in Sapphire and Silica Optical Fibers at Elevated Temperature and
Pressure, Optical Engineering Letters, 43 [6] 1272-73,
June 2004.
G. Pickrell, W. Peng, and A. Wang, "Random-hole Fiber evanescent
Wave Gas Sensing," Optics Letters, 29 [13] 1476-78,
July 2004.
X. Chen, Y. Zhang, G. Pickrell, and J. Antony, Experimental
Design in Fiber Optic Sensor Development. International
Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 53 [8] September
2004.
B. Yu, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang,Thermally Tunable Extrinsinc
Fabry-Perot Filter, Photonics Technology Letters, 16
[10] 2296-98, October 2004.
W. Peng, Gary Pickrell, F. Shen and Anbo Wang, Experimental
Investigation of Optical Waveguide-Based Multigas Sensing,
Photonics Technology Letters, 16 [10] 2317-19, October 2004.
J. Xu, G. Pickrell, X. Wang, W. Peng, K. Cooper, and A. Wang, A
Novel Temperature-Insensitive Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor For
Harsh Environments, Photonics Technology Letters, 17
[4] 870-72, October 2004.
M. Han, Y. Zhang, F. Shen, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang,Signal
Processing Algorithm for White-light Single Mode Optical Fiber Extrinsic
Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors, Optics Letters,
29 [15] 1736-38, August 2004.
H. Xiao, J. Deng, G. Pickrell, R.G. May, and A. Wang, Single
Crystal Sapphire Fiber-Based Strain Sensor For High Temperature
Applications," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 21 [10],
2276-83 (2003).
P. Zhang, H.H. Cerecedo-Núñez, B. Qi, G. Pickrell,
and Anbo Wang, "Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry Interrogation
of Multiplexed Low-Reflectance Bragg Grating Based Sensor System,"
Journal of Optical Engineering, 42 [6] 1597-1603, June 2003.
D. Kominsky, G. Pickrell and R. Stolen, "Fabrication of Random
Hole Optical Fibers," Journal of Optics Letters, 28 [16] 1409-11,
August 2003.
B. Qi, G. Pickrell, J. Xu, P. Zhang, Y. Duan, W. Peng, Z. Huang,
R.G. May, and A. Wang, Novel Data Processing Techniques for
Dispersive White Light Interferometer, Optical Engineering,
42 [11] 3165-71 (2003).
Conference Proceedings
Novel Chemical and Biological Fiber Optic Sensor, Brian Scott, Cheng Ma, Gary Pickrell, Kristie Cooper, Anbo Wang, April 11, 2007, Defense and Security Symposium, Orlando Florida, Proceedings vol. 6556-12 “UV-induced intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors and their multiplexing for temperature and strain sensing”, Fabin Shen, Zhuang Wang, Wei Peng, Kristie Cooper, Gary Pickrell, Anbo Wang, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 6174 Smart Structures and Materials 2006 edited by Masayoshi Tomizuka, Chung-Bang Yun, and Victor Giurgiutiu “Hybrid Ordered Hole-Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Gary Pickrell, Evgenya Smirnova, Stanton Dehaven and Robert Rogowski, Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 45 pp 2598-2607, 2006
“A theoretical and mathematical basis towards dispersing nanoparticles and biological agents for fabricating porous structures considering a system with pure steric repulsion”, Advances in Bioceramics and Biocomposites II: Ceramic Engineering Science Proceedings, Vol. 27 (6) pp 45-51, 2006
“Incorporation and Characterization of Carbon Nano Tubes in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell Ceramic Transactions: Ceramic Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology I, Vol. 172 pp 87-94, 2006
“Biologically Derived Nano and Micro Porous Material”, Gary Pickrell, Navin Manjooran Ceramic Transactions: Ceramic Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology I, 172 pp 229-36, 2006
Complementary Fungus-Derived Micro-Porosity in Nano Materials, Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell Ceramic Transactions: Ceramic Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology I, 172 pp 193-98, 2006
“Adhesion-Non Adhesion Behavior of Non-Polar Solvent Based SiC Slurries for Electro-photographic Solid Freeform Fabrication Applications”, Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell, Wolfgang M. Sigmund Ceramic Transactions: Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glass and Composites IX, Vol. 177 pp 25-32, 2006
“Rheology of Slurries Comprising of Nanoparticles and Biological Agents for a Novel Nano and Micro Porous Material Fabrication Process , Navin Manjooran* , Gary Pickrell
in Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured Materials: Organic/Ceramic Structures, 30 th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Cocoa Beach, FL, 2006 [accepted for conference]
“Mathematical Calculations for Fabricating Micro and Nano Porous Materials Using Biological Agents and Nanoparticles”, Navin Manjooran* , Gary Pickrell in Bioceramics and Biocomposites: Processing of Biomaterials , 30 th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Cocoa Beach, FL, 2006 [accepted for conference]
“A Comparison of Porous Structural Ceramics and Porous Polymers Fabricated using Biological Agents and Nano Particles”, Navin Manjooran* , Erica Hartsell*, Gary Pickrell in Science and Technology of Powder Materials: Synthesis, Consolidation and Properties: Nanomaterials, Proceedings of MS&T 2005, p. 195-202 Materials Science and Technology Conference, Pittsburg, PA, 2005
“Carbon Nano Tubes, Ceramic Materials and Biological Cells Deposited in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Navin Manjooran* , Gary Pickrell in The Physics and Materials Challenges for Integrated Optics: A Step in the Future for Photonic Devices, Proceedings of MS&T 2005, p.15-22, Materials Science and Technology Conference, Pittsburg, PA, 2005
“Advances in Random Hole Optical Fiber Fabrication”, Gary Pickrell , Navin Manjooran*, Nitin Goel*, in Session 10, Materials Research Institute, Glass Science Conference, Penn State University, University Park, PA, [Accepted, In Press] 2005
“Incorporation of Biological Agents in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Gary Pickrell , Navin Manjooran* in Glass and Optical Materials Division General Program: Optical Materials, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore, MD, [Accepted, In Press] 2005
“Fabrication, Characterization and Deposition of Materials from Liquids in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Navin Manjooran* , Gary Pickrell in Processing, Properties, and Applications of Porous Ceramics–A Symposium in Honor of David Green: Applications of Porous Materials II, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore , MD , [Accepted, In Press] 2005
“Incorporation and Characterization of Carbon Nano Tubes in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Navin Manjooran* , Gary Pickrell in Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials for Information and Display Applications, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore , MD , [Accepted, In Press] 2005
“Biologically Derived Nano and Micro Porous Material”, Gary Pickrell , Navin Manjooran* in Processing, Properties, and Applications of Porous Ceramics–A Symposium in Honor of David Green's Contributions: Processing Methods for Porous Materials, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore, MD, [Accepted, In Press] 2005
Complementary Fungus-Derived Micro-Porosity in Nano Materials, Navin Manjooran*, Gary Pickrell in International Symposium on Nano-Structured Bioceramics: A New Frontier in Advanced Biomaterials: Processing and Fabrication of Nano Structured Bioceramics, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore , MD , [Accepted, In Press] 2005
“Vacuum-sealed high temperature, high bandwidth fiber optic pressure and acoustic sensors”, J. Xu* , G. Pickrell, X. Wang*, B. Yu*, K. Cooper, and Anbo Wang, Sensors for Harsh Environments conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston, Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
“Miniature fiber optic pressure and temperature sensors”, J. Xu* , X. Wang*, K. Cooper, G. Pickrell, and Anbo Wang, Fiber Optic Sensor Technology and Applications conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston, Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
“Novel thermometer for ultra-high temperature measurement”, J. Xu* , G. Pickrell, K. Cooper, X. Wang*, and Anbo Wang, Sensors for Harsh Environments conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston , Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
“Verifying an all fused silica miniature fiber optic tip pressure sensor performance with turbine engine field test”, J. Xu* , Y. Zhu*, B. Yu*, M. Han*, K. Cooper, G. Pickrell, A. Wang, A. Ringshia*, and W. Ng, Sensors for Harsh Environments conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston, Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
Z. Huang, G. Pickrell, J. Xu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, A. Wang, Sapphire
Temperature Sensor Coal Gasifier Field Test, Proceedings,
SPIE, Harsh Environment Sensing, Vol. 5590, 27-36, December 2004.
Y. Zu, G. Pickrell, X. Wang, J. Xu, B. Yu, M. Han, K. Cooper, A.
Wang, A. Ringshia, W. Ng, Miniature Fiberoptic Pressure
Sensor for Turbine Engine, Proceedings, SPIE, Harsh Environment
Sensing, Vol. 5590, 11-18, December 2004.
F. Shen, W. Peng, K. Cooper, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang, UV-induced
Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Sensors, Proceedings,
SPIE, Harsh Environment Sensing, Vol. 5590, 47-56, December 2004.
Y. Zu, Z. Huang, M. Han, F. Shen, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang,Fiber-optic
High-Temperature Thermometer Using Sapphire Fiber, Proceedings,
SPIE, Harsh Environment Sensing, Vol. 5590, 19-26, December 2004.
J. Xu, G. Pickrell, B. Yu, M. Han, Y. Zhu, X. Wang, K.L. Cooper,
and A. Wang, Epoxy-free High Temperature Fiber Optic Pressure
Sensors for Gas Turbine Engine Applications," Proceedings,
SPIE, Harsh Environment Sensing, Vol. 5590, 1-10, December 2004.
Z. Huang, J. Deng, W. Peng, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang, High-Pressure
Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensor, Proceedings, SPIE, Fiber Optic
Sensor Technology and Applications III, Vol. 5589, 278-86, December
2004.
W. Peng, G. Pickrell, F. Shen, and A. Wang, Hollow Fiber
Optic Waveguide Gas Sensor for Simultaneous Monitoring of Multiple
Gas Species, Proceedings, SPIE, Fiber Optic Sensor Technology
and Applications III, Vol. 5589, 1-7, December 2004.
G. Pickrell, N. Manjooran, N. Goel, New Fabrication Technique
for Random Hole Optical Fibers, Proceedings, SPIE, Fiber Optic
Sensor Technology and Applications III, Vol. 5589, 257-65, December
2004.
G. Pickrell, J. Lyons, and J. Shaver, "Implementation of Lean
Six Sigma at Moog Components Group Case Studies," Proceedings,
International Conference on Six Sigma, 83-96, Glasgow, Scotland,
December 2004.
G. Pickrell, et. al., Colloidal quantum dots entrained in
microstructured optical fibers," Proceedings, SPIE, Fiber Lasers,
Technology, Systems and Applications, Vol. 5335, 258-65, June 2004.
B. Yu, G. Pickrell, and A. Wang, Grating Assisted Operating-Point
Tuning for Fiber Optic Fabry Perot Interferometric Sensors,"
Proceedings, SPIE, Industrial and Highway Sensors Technology, Vol.
5272, 41-48, 2004.
B. Yu, A. Wang, G. Pickrell, "Analysis of White-light Fiber
Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors," Proceedings, SPIE, Fiber
Optic Sensor Technology and Applications III, Vol. 5589, 120-131,
2004.
G. Pickrell, Y. Zhang, Z. Dicic, and A. Wang, Single Crystal
Sapphire Temperature Measurement System for Use in Coal Gasifiers,"
Proceedings, 20th Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh,
Pa., September, 2003.
W. Peng, G.R. Pickrell, A. Wang, Cubic Zirconia-based High
Temperature Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor, Proceedings, SPIE,
Industrial and Highway Sensors Technology, Vol. 5272, 216-222, 2003.
W. Peng, G.R. Pickrell, J. Xu, Z. Huang, D. Woong, B. Qi, and A.
Wang, Novel Single-phase Fiber Optic Flow Sensor System,
Proceedings, SPIE, Industrial and Highway Sensors Technology, Vol.
5272, 223-229 (2003).
G.R. Pickrell, D. Kominsky, and R. Stolen, Random Hole Optical
Fibers, Proceedings, SPIE, Industrial and Highway Sensors
Technology, Vol. 5272, pp. 207-15, 2003.
A. Wang, P. Zhang, K. Cooper, and G. Pickrell, Highly Multiplexed
Fiber Optic Sensors for Civil Infrastructure Monitoring, Proceedings,
International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, September
15-17th, Stanford, Ca., 2003.
W. Peng, G.R. Pickrell, B. Qi, A. Wang, Investigation on
Cubic Zirconia-based Fiber Optic Sensor Pressure for High Temperature
Application, Second IEEE International Conference on Sensors,
2 [1] 713-17 (2003).
Y. Zhang, G. Pickrell, B. Qi, R. May, A. Wang, "BPDI Based
Optical Temperature Sensors for Real-Time High Temperature Measurements
of the Coal Gasification Process," Proceedings, SPIE Advanced
Sensor Systems and Applications, Photonics Asia, Vol. 4920, 9-15
(2002).
G. Pickrell, Y. Zhang and A. Wang, "Development of a Temperature
Measurement System for Use in Coal Gasifiers," Proceedings,
19th Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, Pa., September
24-27, 2002.
J. Xu, G. Pickrell, H. Zhengyu, B. Qi, P. Zhang, W. Pung, R. May,
and A. Wang, "Double Tubing Encapsulated Fiber Optic Temperature
Sensor," Proceedings, 8th Symposium on Temperature: Its Measurement
and Application in Science and Industry Conference, Chicago, Illinois,
October 21-25, 2002.
Y. Zhang, G. Pickrell, B. Qi, R.G. May, A. Wang, "Single Crystal
Sapphire High Temperature Measurement Instrument for Coal Gasification,"
Proceedings, 8th Symposium on Temperature: Its Measurement and Application
in Science and Industry Conference, Chicago, Illinois, October 21-25,
2002.
Invited Presentations & Papers
“Some Aspects of Optical Fiber Sensors”, Invited Presentation at Oak Ridge National Lab Center for Transportation Research, January 4 th , 2007
“Novel Structures in Random Hole Optical Fibers”, Invited Paper, Gary Pickrell and Evgenya Smirnova, IEEE Sensors conference, October 31st – November 3 rd , 2005, Irvine , California
“Fiber Optic Chemical Sensing”, Invited Paper, Gary Pickrell, Wei Peng, Alfeeli Bassam* and Anbo Wang, Sensors for Harsh Environments conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston, Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
“Frequency division multiplexed intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric fiber sensors for quasi-distributed temperature monitoring in a selective catalytic reduction unit”, Invited paper, F. Shen*, Z. Huang*, Y. Zhu*, G. Pickrell, and Anbo Wang, Sensors for Harsh Environments conference proceedings, Optics East, Boston, Massachusetts October 23-26, 2005
G. Pickrell, K. Cooper, and A. Wang, "Photonic Sensor Research,"
Invited Paper, National Science Foundation - European Science Foundation
joint workshop, "Advancing Technological Frontiers for Feasibility
of Ageless Structures," Strasbourg, France, October 2-4, 2003.
G. Pickrell and A. Wang, "Some Recent Advances in Fiber Optic
Temperature and Pressure Sensors," Invited Paper, 2003 NCSL
International Workshop and Symposium, Tampa, Fla., August 17-23,
2003.
Submitted Presentations
Construction of Electrical Device Components on Porous Glass Fibers Using Electroless Copper Deposition and Silicon CVD, Michael Woodell and Gary Pickrell, IEEE Sensors 2007; Atlanta, GA; October 28-31, 2007
Long period gratings on random hole optical fibers and microstructured disordered fibers, Michael Korwin-Pawlowski, Gary Pickrell and Predag Mikulic, Optics East, October, 2007, accepted for presentation
Invited Paper: Development of porous optical fibers for gas sensing applications, Gary Pickrell, Brian Scott, Cheng Ma and Anbo Wang, Optics East, October, 2007, accepted for presentation
Light transmission characteristics of long period gratings on random hole optical fibers, Michael Korwin-Pawlowski, Gary Pickrell and Predag Mikulic, accepted for Photonics North, June 2007
“Behavior of random hole optical fibers under gamma ray irradiation and its potential use in radiation sensing applications”, Bassam Alfeeli, Gary Pickrell, Marc A. Garland and Anbo Wang, accepted for publication in the journal Sensors
Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell, and Wolfgang Sigmund, Development of a Nano Sized SiC Based Liquid Toner for Electro-photographic Solid Freeform Fabrication, in Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, 107 th Annual Meeting, Exposition and Technology Fair of the American Ceramic Society, Baltimore, MD, Poster Presentation, 2005
Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell Biologically Derived Micro and Nano Porous Materials,
VT Stars Summer Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg , VA , Oral Presentation and Demonstration, 2005
Navin Manjooran, Gary Pickrell Fabrication, Characterization and Deposition of Materials in Random Hole Optical Fibers, 21 st Graduate Research Symposium and Exhibition, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, Poster Presentation, 2005
N. Manjooran, G. Pickrell, and W. Sigmund, Development of
a Nano Sized SiC Based Liquid Toner for Electrophotographic Solid
Freeform Fabrication, poster presentation, ACERS conference,
Baltimore, Md., April 2005.
A. Ringshia, H. Hill, J. Xu, Y. Zhu, X. Wang, G. Pickrell, A. Wang,
Testing of Fiber Optic Pressure Sensors in Aircraft Engines,
presented at the 18th annual review meeting of the Turbomachinery
and Propulsion Research, 2005.
X. Wang, J. Xu, Y Zhu, B. Yu, M. Han, K. Cooper, G. Pickrell, A.
Wang, An Optical Fiber Tip Sensor for Pressure Measurement
in High Temperature Environments, poster presentation, Optics
in the Southeast sponsored by OSA, Charlotte, N.C., November 4-5,
2004.
B. Yu, G. Pickrell, A.Wang, Thermally Tunable Extrinsic Fabry-Perot
Filter for White Light Interferometry, poster presentation,
Frontiers in Optics, 88th annual meeting of OSA, October 10-14,
2004.
Z. Huang, J. Deng, W. Peng, G. Pickrell, A. Wang, High Pressure
Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensor, poster presentation, SPIE Optics
East Fiber Optic Sensor Technology, Philadelphia, Pa., October 25-29,
2004.
Software and Patents
US Patent Number 7157115 Porous Ceramic, Metal Porous Ceramic, Polymer and Metal Materials with Pores Created by Biological Fermentation, Inventors: Gary Pickrell, issued January 2 nd , 2007
US Patent Number 6928202 Method and Apparatus for Packaging Optical Fiber Sensors for Harsh Environments, Inventors: Gary Pickrell, Yuhong Duan and Anbo Wang, issued August 9 th , 2005
G.R. Pickrell, K.R. Butcher, and C-L Lin, "Porous Articles
and Method for Manufacturing Thereof," U.S. Patent 6773825,
Issued August 10, 2004.
G.R. Pickrell, K.R. Butcher, and C-L Lin, "Improved Porous
Articles and Method for Manufacturing Thereof," U.S. Patent
6592787, Issued July 15, 2003.
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